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- History
- "Hanukkah"
-
- Hanukkah or Chanukah
- (Hebrew for ôdedicationö), annual festival of the Jews
- celebrated on eight successive days. It begins on the 25th day of
- Kislev, the third month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding,
- approximately, to December in the Gregorian calendar. Also known as the
- Festival of Lights, Feast of Dedication, and Feast of the Maccabees,
- Hanukkah commemorates the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem by
- Judas Maccabee in 165 BC after the temple had been profaned by Antiochus
- IV Epiphanes, king of Syria and overlord of Palestine. In 168 BC, on a
- date corresponding approximately to December 25 in the Gregorian
- calendar, the temple was dedicated to the worship of Zeus Olympius by
- order of Antiochus. An altar to Zeus was set up on the high altar. When
- Judas Maccabee recaptured Jerusalem three years later, he had the temple
- purged and a new altar put up in place of the desecrated one. The temple
- was then rededicated to God with festivities that lasted eight days.
- According to talmudic tradition, only one cruse of pure olive oil,
- sealed by the high priest and necessary for the rededicatory ritual,
- could be found, but that small quantity burned miraculously for eight
- days. A principal feature of the present-day celebration, commemorating
- this miracle, is the lighting of candles, one the first night, two the
- second, and so on until a special eight-branched candelabrum is
- completely filled. The principal source for the story of Hanukkah is the
- Talmud.
-